OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY MNEMONICS

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 

                MNEMONICS                   

                                           

Post-partum examination simplified checklist BUBBLES:

• Breast
• Uterus
• Bowel
• Bladder
• Lochia
• Episotomy
• Surgical site (for Cesarean section)

• Postpartum collapse: causes HEPARINS:
• Hemorrhage
• Eclampsia
• Pulmonary embolism
• Amniotic fluid embolism
• Regional anaethetic complications
• Infarction (MI)
• Neurogenic shock
• Septic shock
• Multiple pregnancy complications HI, PAPA:
• Hydramnios (Poly)
• IUGR
• Preterm labour
• Antepartum haemorrhage
• Pre-eclampsia
• Abortion

• IUD: side effects PAINS:
• Period that is late
• Abdominal cramps
• Increase in body temperature
• Noticeable vaginal discharge
• Spotting
• 
  
• Labour: preterm labor causes DISEASE:
• Dehydration
• Infection
• Sex
• Exercise (strenuous)
• Activities
• Stress
• Environmental factor (job, etc)
• 
  
• 
  
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): first line treatment
• Treat PCOS with OCP's(oral contraceptive pills).
• 
  
• 
  
• Antepartum hemorrhage (APH): major differential APH:
• Abruptio placentae
• Placenta previa
• Hemorrhage from the GU tract
• 
  
• 
  
• Miscarriage: recurrent miscarriage causes RIBCAGE:
• Radiation
• Immune reaction
• Bugs (infection)
• Cervical incompetence
• Anatomical anomaly (uterine septum etc.)
• Genetic (aneuploidy, balanced translocation etc.)
• Endocrine
• 
  
• 
  
• Shoulder dystocia: management HELPER:
• Call for Help
• Episiotomy
• Legs up [McRoberts position]
• Pressure subrapubically [not on fundus]
• Enter vagina for shoulder rotation
• Reach for posterior shoulder and deliver posterior shoulder/ Return
• head into vagina (Zavanelli maneuver) for C-section/ Rupture clavicle or
• pubic symphisis
• 
  
• 
  
• Labour: factors which determine rate and outcome of labour 3
• P's:
• Power: stength of uterine contractions
• Passage: size of the pelvic inlet and outlet
• Passenger: the fetus--is it big, small, have anomalies, alive or dead
• 
  
• 
  
• Alpha-fetoprotein: some major causes for increased maternal serum AFP
• during pregnancy TOLD:
• Testicular tumours
• Obituary (fetal death)
• Liver: hepatomas
• Defects (neural tube defects)
• 
  
• 
  
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): 3 major causes DUB:
• Don't ovulate (anovulation: 90% of cases)
• Unusual corpus leuteum activity (prolonged or insufficient)
• Birth control pills (since increases progesterone-estrogen ratio)
• 
  
• 
  
• IUGR: causes IUGR:
• Inherited: chromosomal and genetic disorders
• Uterus: placental insufficency
• General: maternal malnutrition, smoking
• Rubella and other congenital infecton
• 
  
• 
  
• Early cord clamping: indications RAPID CS:
• Rh incompatibility
• Asphyxia
• Premature delivery
• Infections
• Diabetic mother
• CS(caesarian section) previously, so the funda is RAPID CS
• 
  
• 
  
• Oral contraceptives: side effects CONTRACEPTIVES:
• Cholestatic jaundice
• Oedema (corneal)
• Nasal congestion
• Thyroid dysfunction
• Raised BP
• Acne/ Alopecia/ Anaemia
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Elevated blood sugar
• Porphyria/ Pigmentation/ Pancreatitis
• Thromboembolism
• Intracranial hypertension
• Vomiting (progesterone only)
• Erythema nodosum/ Extrapyramidal effects
• Sensitivity to light
• 
  
• 
  
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): causes, effects "PID 
• CAN be EPIC":
• · Causes:
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Actinomycetes
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• · Effects:
• Ectopic
• Pregnancy
• Infertility
• Chronic pain
• 
  
• 
  
• RLQ pain: brief female differential AEIOU:
• Appendicitis/ Abscess
• Ectopic pregnancy/ Endometriosis
• Inflammatory disease (pelvic)/ IBD
• Ovarian cyst (rupture, torsion)
• Uteric colic/ Urinary stones
• 
  
• 
  
• Forceps: indications for delivery FORCEPS:
• Foetus alive
• Os dilated
• Ruptured membrane
• Cervix taken up
• Engagement of head
• Presentation suitable
• Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet
• 
  
• 
  
• Delivery: instrumental delivery prerequisites AABBCCDDEE:
• Analgesia
• Antisepsis
• Bowel empty
• Bladder empty
• Cephalic presentation
• Consent
• Dilated cervix
• Disproportion (no CPD)
• Engaged
• Episiotomy
• 
  
• 
  
• APGAR score components SHIRT:
• Skin color: blue or pink
• Heart rate: below 100 or over 100
• Irritability (response to stimulation): none, grimace or cry
• Respirations: irregular or good
• Tone (muscle): some flexion or active
• 
  
• 
  
• Female pelvis: shapes GAP:
• · In order from most to least common:
• Gynecoid
• Android /Anthropoid
• Platypelloid
• 
  
• 
  
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): complications I FACE
• PID:
• Infertility
• Fitz-Hugh-Curitis syndrome
• Abscesses
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Peritonitis
• Intestinal obstruction
• Disseminated: sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, meninigitis
• 
  
• 
  
• B-agonist tocolytic (C/I or warning) ABCDE:
• Angina (Heart disease)
• BP high
• Chorioamnionitis
• Diabetes
• Excessive bleeding
• 
  
• 
  
• Secondary amenorrhea: causes SOAP:
• Stress
• OCP
• Anorexia
• Pregnancy
• 
  
• 
  
• Post-partum haemmorrage (PPH): risk factors PARTUM:
• Polyhydroamnios/ Prolonged labour/ Previous cesarian
• APH/ ANTH
• Recent bleeding history
• Twins
• Uterine fibroids
• Multiparity
• 
  
• 
  
• Fetus: cardinal movements of fetus or mechanism of 2nd stage of labour  "every descent female I choose employ rises extremely  
• engagemment
• Descent
• Flexion
• Interal rotation
• Extension
• Restitution
• External rotation
• Expulsion
• 
  
• Preeclampsia: classic triad PREeclampsia:
• Proteinuria
• Rising blood pressure
• Edema
• 
  
• 
  
• Oral contraceptive complications: warning signs ACHES:
• Abdominal pain
• Chest pain
• Headache (severe)
• Eye (blurred vision)
• Sharp leg pain
• 
  
• 
  
• Abdominal pain: causes during pregnancy LARA CROFT:
• Labour
• Abruption of placenta
• Rupture (eg. ectopic/ uterus)
• Abortion
• Cholestasis
• Rectus sheath haematoma
• Ovarian tumour
• Fibroids
• Torsion of uterus
• 
  
• 
  
• Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH): causes 4 'T's:
• Tissue (retained placenta)
• Tone (uterine atony)
• Trauma (traumatic delivery, episiotomy)
• Thrombin (coagulation disorders, DIC)
• 
  
• 
  
• Ovarian cancer: risk factors "Blue FILM":
• Breast cancer
• Family history
• Infertility
• Low parity
• Mumps
• 
  
• 
  
• Prenatal care questions ABCDEF:
• Amniotic fluid leakage?
• Bleeding vaginally?
• Contractions?
• Dysuria?
• Edema?
• Fetal movement?
• 
  
• 
  
• Asherman syndrome features ASHERMAN:
• Acquired Anomaly
• Secondary to Surgery
• Hysterosalpingography confirms diagnosis
• Endometrial damage/ Eugonadotropic
• Repeated uterine trauma
• Missed Menses
• Adhesions
• Normal estrogen and progesterone

Special points of OBG

• Gestation period, oocytes, vaginal pH, menstrual cycle: normal
• numbers 4 is the normal pH of the vagina.
• 40 weeks is the normal gestation period.
• 400 oocytes released between menarche and menopause.
• 400,000 oocytes present at puberty.
• 28 days in a normal menstrual cycle.
• 280 days (from last normal menstrual period) in a normal gestation period
• 
  
• 
  
• Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during
• pregnancy "Increased Maternal Serum Alpha
• Feto Protein":
• Intestinal obstruction
• Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis
• Spina bifida cystica
• Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect
• Fetal death

Placental abruption